Perturbation Analysis of Calcium, Alkalinity and Secretion during Growth of Lily Pollen Tubes
نویسندگان
چکیده
Pollen tubes grow by spatially and temporally regulated expansion of new material secreted into the cell wall at the tip of the tube. A complex web of interactions among cellular components, ions and small molecule provides dynamic control of localized expansion and secretion. Cross-correlation studies on oscillating lily (Lilium formosanum Wallace) pollen tubes showed that an increase in intracellular calcium follows an increase in growth, whereas the increase in the alkaline band and in secretion both anticipate the increase in growth rate. Calcium, as a follower, is unlikely to be a stimulator of growth, whereas the alkaline band, as a leader, may be an activator. To gain further insight herein we reversibly inhibited growth with potassium cyanide (KCN) and followed the re-establishment of calcium, pH and secretion patterns as growth resumed. While KCN markedly slows growth and causes the associated gradients of calcium and pH to sharply decline, its removal allows growth and vital processes to fully recover. The calcium gradient reappears before growth restarts; however, it is preceded by both the alkaline band and secretion, in which the alkaline band is slightly advanced over secretion. Thus the pH gradient, rather than the tip-focused calcium gradient, may regulate pollen tube growth.
منابع مشابه
Oscillatory increases in alkalinity anticipate growth and may regulate actin dynamics in pollen tubes of lily.
Lily (Lilium formosanum or Lilium longiflorum) pollen tubes, microinjected with a low concentration of the pH-sensitive dye bis-carboxyethyl carboxyfluorescein dextran, show oscillating pH changes in their apical domain relative to growth. An increase in pH in the apex precedes the fastest growth velocities, whereas a decline follows growth, suggesting a possible relationship between alkalinity...
متن کاملPeriodic increases in elongation rate precede increases in cytosolic Ca2+ during pollen tube growth.
Pollen tubes grown in vitro require an intracellular tip-high gradient of Ca2+ in order to elongate. Moreover, after about 2 h in vitro both the tip Ca2+ and the elongation rate of lily tubes begin to oscillate regularly with large amplitudes. This raises the question of the phase relation between these two oscillations. Previous studies lacked the temporal resolution to accurately establish th...
متن کاملUncoupling secretion and tip growth in lily pollen tubes: evidence for the role of calcium in exocytosis
Cytoplasmic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and extracellular calcium (Ca2+o) influx has been studied in pollen tubes of Lilium longliflorum in which the processes of cell elongation and exocytosis have been uncoupled by use of Yariv phenylglycoside ((beta-D-Glc)3). Growing pollen tubes were pressure injected with the ratio dye fura-2 dextran and imaged after application of (beta-D-Glc)3, which...
متن کاملFIMBRIN1 is involved in lily pollen tube growth by stabilizing the actin fringe.
An actin fringe structure in the subapex plays an important role in pollen tube tip growth. However, the precise mechanism by which the actin fringe is generated and maintained remains largely unknown. Here, we cloned a 2606-bp full-length cDNA encoding a deduced 77-kD fimbrin-like protein from lily (Lilium longiflorum), named FIMBRIN1 (FIM1). Ll-FIM1 was preferentially expressed in pollen and ...
متن کاملAutoradiographs of Pollen Tube Nuclei with Calcium-45
Autoradiography with Ca(45) has been used to obtain information about the relation between calcium and chromosomes. Labelled pollen from the Easter lily, Lilium longiflorum, was allowed to develop into pollen tubes between 5 and 6 cm. long in the styles of non-radioactive flowers. All of the nuclei, namely the tube nucleus and the two sperm nuclei, retain Ca(45) after this period of growth and ...
متن کامل